This study aimed to explore the residual dynamics and dietary risk of dimethoate and its metabolite omethoate in celery. Celery was sprayed with 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate (EC) at either a low concentration of 600 g a.i./ha or a high concentration of 900 g a.i./ha. Plants in the seedling, transplanting, or middle growth stages were sprayed once, and the samples were collected 90 days after transplantation. Plants in the harvesting stage were sprayed two or three times. The samples were collected on days 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 and 21 after the last pesticide application. The dimethoate and omethoate compounds were extracted from the celery samples using acetonitrile, and their concentrations were detected using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Also, the dietary risk assessments of dimethoate and omethoate were conducted in various populations and on different foods in China. The metabolism led to the formation of omethoate from dimethoate in the celery. The degradation dynamics of dimethoate and total residues in greenhouse celery followed the first-order kinetic equation. The half-lives of the compounds were 2.42 days and 2.92 days, respectively. The celery which received one application during the harvesting stage had a final residue of dimethoate after 14 days, which was lower than the maximum residue limit (MRL) 0.5 mg kg-1 for Chinese celery. The final deposition of the metabolite omethoate after 28 days was less than the maximum residue limit of 0.02 mg kg-1 for Chinese celery. Furthermore, the risk quotients of dimethoate in celery were less than 1; therefore, the level of chronic risk was acceptable after day 21. Only children aged 2-7 years had an HQ of dimethoate more than 1 (an unacceptable level of acute risk), while the acute dietary risks to other populations were within acceptable levels. It was recommended that any dimethoate applications to celery in greenhouses should happen before the celery reached the harvesting stage, with a safety interval of 28 days.Status of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) varies from tumors to tumors. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and cell surface vimentin (CSV) are the most common used targets for isolating epithelial and mesenchymal CTCs, respectively. This study aimed to identify a suitable CTC capturing antibody for CTC enrichment in each solid tumor by comparing CTC detection rates with EpCAM and CSV antibodies in different solid tumors.
Treatment-naive patients with confirmed cancer diagnosis and healthy people who have performed CTC detection between April 2017 and May 2018 were included in this study. CTC detection was performed with CytoSorterCTC system using either EpCAM or CSV antibody. In total, 853 CTC results from 690 cancer patients and 72 healthy people were collected for analysis. The performance of CTC capturing antibody was determined by the CTC detection rate.
EpCAM has the highest CTC detection rate of 84.09% in CRC, followed by BCa (78.32%). CTC detection rates with EpCAM antibody are less than 40% in HCC (25%), PDAC (32.5%) and OC (33.33%). CSV has the highest CTC detection rate of 90% in sarcoma, followed by BC (85.71%), UC (84.62%), OC (83.33%) and BCa (81.82%). CTC detection rates with CSV antibody are over 60% in all 14 solid tumors. Except for CRC, CSV has better performances than EpCAM in most solid tumors regarding the CTC detection rates.
EpCAM can be used as a target to isolate CTCs in CRC, LC, GC, BCa, EC, HNSCC, CC and PCa, especially in CRC, while CSV can be used in most solid tumors for isolating CTCs.
EpCAM can be used as a target to isolate CTCs in CRC, LC, GC, BCa, EC, HNSCC, CC and PCa, especially in CRC, while CSV can be used in most solid tumors for isolating CTCs.Soybean is one of the important economic crops, which supplies a great deal of vegetable oil and proteins for human. The content of nutrients in different soybean seeds is different, which is related to the expression of multiple genes, but the mechanisms are complicated and still largely uncertain. In this study, to reveal the possible causes of the nutrients difference in soybeans A7 (containing low oil and high protein) and A35 (containing high oil and low protein), RNA-seq technology was performed to compare and identify the potential differential expressed genes (DEGs) at different seed developmental stages. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/hs-10296.html The results showed that DEGs mainly presented at the early stages of seeds development and more DEGs were up-regulated at the early stage than the late stages. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that the DEGs have diverged in A7 and A35. In A7, the DEGs were mainly involved in cell cycle and stresses, while in A35 were the fatty acids and sugar metabolism. Specifically, when the DEGs contributing to oil and protein metabolic pathways were analyzed, the differences between A7 and A35 mainly presented in fatty acids metabolism and seeds storage proteins (SSPs) synthesis. Furthermore, the enzymes, fatty acid dehydrogenase 2, 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase and 9S-lipoxygenase, in the synthesis and elongation pathways of fatty acids, were revealed probably to be involved in the oil content difference between A7 and A35, the SSPs content might be due to the transcription factors Leafy Cotyledon 2 and Abscisic acid-intensitive 3, while the sugar transporter, SWEET10a, might contribute to both oil and protein content differences. Finally, six DEGs were selected to analyze their expression using qRT-PCR, and the results were consistent with the RNA-seq results. Generally, the study provided a comprehensive and dynamic expression trends for the seed development processes, and uncovered the potential DEGs for the differences of oil in A7 and A35.Seed coat color is an important horticultural trait in crops, which is divided into two categories brown/black and yellow. Seeds with yellow seed coat color have higher oil quality, higher protein content and lower fiber content. Yellow seed coat color is therefore considered a desirable trait in hybrid breeding of and .
Comprehensive analysis of the abundance transcripts for seed coat color at three development stages by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and corresponding flavonoids compounds by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were carried out in .
We identified 41,286 unigenes with 4,989 differentially expressed genes between brown seeds (B147) and yellow seeds (B80) at the same development stage. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis identified 19 unigenes associated with the phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, flavone and flavonol biosynthetic pathways as involved in seed coat color formation. Interestingly, expression levels of early biosynthetic genes (, , , and ) in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway were down-regulated while late biosynthetic genes (, and ) were hardly or not expressed in seeds of B80.